![]() ![]() disadvantage could be even greater than that suggested in Table 1-1. ![]() New life tables published by NCHS suggest that the extent of the U.S. According to the United Nations’ Population Division, life expectancy at birth in the United States for both sexes combined for the period 2005–2010 ranked 28th in the world, just behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Luxembourg, and Malta but more than 2 years behind Australia, Canada, France, Iceland, Italy, Japan, and Switzerland (United Nations, 2009). improvement, but at a slower pace than that achieved in many other countries, is repeated throughout Table 1-1 for both men and women although the pattern is less pronounced for men than for women.) Consequently, the list of countries that has overtaken the United States with respect to life expectancy at birth has been growing, and the gap between the United States and the countries with the highest achieved life expectancies has been widening (see Figures 1-1 and 1-2). But over the same time period, life expectancy at age 50 in Japan had increased 6.4 years in Italy it had increased 5.2 years and on average, for the other nine countries apart from the United States shown in Table 1-1, it had increased 3.9 years. By 2007, life expectancy at age 50 for women in the United States had increased 2.5 years to 33.1. In 1980, average life expectancy at age 50 for women in the United States was 30.6 years, the same as the average for the other nine countries shown in Table 1-1. ![]() Table 1-1 presents estimates of life expectancy at birth (e 0), at age 50 (e 50), and at age 80 (e 80) taken from the Human Mortality Database for both men and women from ten different countries and provides a sense of the extent of the mortality differentials. Life expectancy grew from 66.5 years for men and 71.8 years for women in 1950 to 79.3 years for men and 83.8 years for women in 2007.ĭespite this broad similarity in patterns of increased life expectancy among high-income countries, gains in the United States over the more recent past-especially the last 25 years-have been below those achieved in many other high-income countries and significantly below those achieved in countries that have seen the greatest increases. SOURCE: Data from Human Mortality Database ( ). NOTE: e 0 = life expectancy at birth e 50 = life expectancy at age 50 e 80 = life expectancy at age 80. Similarly, in France, life expectancy in 1950 was 63.4 years for men and 69.2 years for women and by 2007 had grown to 77.4 years for men and 84.4 years for women. In Japan, life expectancy in 1950 was 57.6 years for men and 60.9 years for women by 2007 it had jumped by more than 20 years, to 79.2 years for men and 86.0 years for women (see Table 1-1). Between 19, the mortality rate at each age declined at a roughly constant pace in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Tuljapurkar et al., 2000). This pattern of rising life expectancy has been reproduced in many other high-income countries around the world (Kannisto, 1994 Kannisto et al., 1994 Rau et al., 2008). By June 2010, when the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) released its most recent life tables for the United States-for 2006-the average life expectancy at birth was 75.1 years for men and 80.2 years for women, compared with just 47.9 years for men and 50.7 years for women for the period 1900-1902 (Arias, 2010). Advances in medical technology, particularly in relation to the treatment of heart disease and stroke, along with healthier lifestyles, improvements in access to health care, and better general overall health before age 65, enabled continued improvements in life expectancy throughout the second half of the 20th century (Fried, 2000). Improvements in the prevention and control of major childhood infectious diseases and in nutrition, housing, hygiene, and medical care resulted in an increase in life expectancy of about 4 years each decade throughout the first half of the 20th century. Great advances have occurred in life expectancy in the United States over the last century. Difference Between Life Expectancy in the United States and Other High-Income Countries ![]()
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